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References

Below is a select list of peer-reviewed references from the scientific literature. These materials will help you gain a better understanding of the assays and services that we offer.

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Balani SK, et al., Strategy of Utilizing In Vitro and In Vivo ADME Tools for Lead Optimization and Drug Candidate Selection. Curr Top Med Chem. 2005;5(11):1033-8..
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Barends DM, et al., Biowaiver monographs for immediate release solid oral dosage forms: Ranitidine hydrochloride. J Pharm Sci. 2005 Aug; 94(8):1617-25..
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Bhardwaj RK, et al., Delineation of human peptide transporter (hPepT1)-mediated uptake and transport of substrates with. J Pharm Exp Ther. 2005 Sept; 314(3):1093-1100.
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Bjornsson TD, et al., The conduct of in vitro and in vivo drug-drug interaction studies: a Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) perspective. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Jul;31(7):815-32.
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Bohets H, et al., Strategies for absorption screening in drug discovery and development. Curr Top Med Chem. 2001 Nov;1(5):367-83..
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Borchardt RT, et al., Are MDCK cells transfected with the human MRP2 gene a good model of the human intestinal mucosa?. Pharm Res. 2002 Jun;19(6):773-9.
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Briggs JR, et al., Stability of drug concentrations in plasma stored in serum separator blood collection tubes. Ther Drug Monit. 1988; 10(3):352-4.
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Chen C, et al., P-glycoprotein limits the brain penetration of nonsedating but not sedating H1-antagonists. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Mar; 31(3):312-8.
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Chiou WL, et al., Correlation of plasma clearance of 54 extensively metabolized drugs between humans and rats: mean allometric coefficient of 0.66. Pharm Res. 1998 Sep;15(9):1474-9.
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Clark DE, In silico prediction of blood–brain barrier permeation. DDT Vol. 8, No. 20 October 2003.
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Cohen LH, et al., In vitro drug interactions of cytochrome p450: an evaluation of fluorogenic to conventional substrates. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Aug;31(8):1005-15.
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Ee, PLR, et al., Modulation of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) gene expression using RNA interference. Mol Cancer Ther. 2004 Dec; 13(12):1577-83.
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Fabre G, et al., Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans, and apparent drug permeability in TC-7 cells, a human epithelial intestinal cell line: comparison with the parental Caco-2 cell line. Pharm Res. 1998 May;15(5):726-33.
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Fenner, KS, et al., Drug–Drug Interactions Mediated Through P-Glycoprotein: Clinical Relevance and In Vitro–In Vivo Correlation Using Digoxin as a Probe Drug. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Feb; 85(2):173-81.
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Fowler, et al., In vitro evaluation of reversible and irreversible cytochrome P450 inhibition: Current status on methodologies and their utility for predicting drug-drug interactions. AAPS J. 2008; 10(2):410-24.
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Garcia M, et al., Cryopreserved human hepatocytes as alternative in vitro model for cytochrome P450 induction studies. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Animal. 2003 Jul/Aug; 39:283-7.
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Goosen C, et al., A comparative study of an in situ adapted diffusion cell and an in vitro Franz diffusion cell method for transdermal absorption of doxylamine. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2001 May;13(2):169-77..
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Gotoh Y, et al., The advantages of the Ussing chamber in drug absorption studies. J Biomol Screen. 2005 Aug;10(5):517-23.
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Grimm SW, et al., The conduct of in vitro studies to address time-dependent inhibition of drug-metabolizing enzymes: A perspective of the pharmaceutical research and manufacturers of America. Drug Metab Disp. 2009 July; 37(7):1355-70.
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Hidalgo IJ, et al., Characterization of the human colon carcinoma cell line (Caco-2) as a model system for intestinal epithelial permeability. Gastroenterol. 1989; 96:736-49.
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Hunter J, et al., Functional expression of P-glycoprotein in apical membranes of human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Kinetics of vinblastine secretion and interaction with modulators. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 15;268(20):14991-7.
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Jeffrey P, et al., Utility of metabolic stability screening: comparison of in vitro and in vivo clearance. Xenobiotica. 2001 Aug-Sep;31(8-9):591-8.
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Korinth G, et al., Is the permeability coefficient Kp a reliable tool in percutaneous absorption studies?. Arch Toxicol. 2005 Mar;79(3):155-9. Epub 2004 Dec 31.
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Kostiainen R, et al., Liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry in drug metabolism studies. J Mass Spectrom. 2003 Apr;38(4):357-72.
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Li AP, et al., Cryopreserved human hepatocytes: characterization of drug-metabolizing enzyme activities and applications in higher throughput screening assays for hepatotoxicity, metabolic stability, and drug-drug interaction potential. Chem Biol Interact. 1999 Jun 1;121(1):17-35.
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Li LY, et al., Intestinal metabolism promotes regional differences in apical uptake of indinavir: coupled effect of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A on indinavir membrane permeability in rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 May;301(2):586-93.
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Li, J., et al., Use of Transporter Knockdown Caco-2 Cells to Investigate the In Vitro Efflux of Statin Drugs. Drug Metab Dispos 2011;39 1196-1202.
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Lin JH, et al., Role of pharmacokinetics and metabolism in drug discovery and development. Pharmacol Rev. 1997 Dec; 49(4):403-49.
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Lu AY, et al., Cytochrome P450 in vitro reaction phenotyping: a re-evaluation of approaches used for P450 isoform identification. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Apr;31(4):345-50.
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Manitpisitkul P, et al., Whatever happened to cassette-dosing pharmacokinetics?. Drug Discov Today. 2004 Aug 1;9(15):652-8.
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McManus ME, et al., Flavin-containing monooxygenase activity in human liver microsomes. Drug Metab Disp. 1987 Feb;15(2):256-61.
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Nicolazzo JA, et al., The effect of various in vitro conditions on the permeability characteristics of the buccal mucosa. J Pharm Sci. 2003 Dec;92(12):2399-410.
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O'Brien PJ, et al., Human and animal hepatocytes in vitro with extrapolation in vivo. Chem Biol Interact. 2004 Nov 1;150(1):97-114.
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Obach RS, et al., In vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition data and the prediction of drug-drug interactions: qualitative relationships, quantitative predictions, and the rank-order approach. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005 Dec;78(6):582-92.
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Obradovic T, et al., Assessment of the first and second generation antihistamines brain penetration and role of P-glycoprotein. Pharm Res. 2007 Feb; 24(2):318-27.
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Parkinson A, et al., Effects of prototypical microsomal enzyme inducers on cytochrome P450 expression in cultured human hepatocytes. Drug Metab Dispos. 2003 Apr;31(4):421-31.
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Piera J, et al, Catalytic oxidation of organic substrates by molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide by multistep electron transfer-A biomimetic approach. Green Chem. 2008 Mar; 47(19):3506-23.
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Polli JW, et al., Rational Use of in Vitro P-glycoprotein Assays in Drug Discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8..
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Ponchel G, et al., In vitro studies on enhancing effect of sodium glycocholate on transbuccal permeation of morphine hydrochloride. J Control Release. 1998 Feb 12;51(2-3):107-13.
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Pritchard JF, et al., Making better drugs: Decision gates in non-clinical drug development. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003 Jul;2(7):542-53.
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Rautio, J, et al., In Vitro P-glycoprotein inhibition assays for assessment of clinical drug interaction potential of new drug candidates: A recommendation for probe substrates. Drug Metab Disp. 2006; 34 (5): 786-92.
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Sambuy Y, et al., The Caco-2 cell line as a model of the intestinal barrier: influence of cell and culture-related factors on Caco-2 cell functional characteristics. Cell Biol Toxicol. 2005 Jan;21(1):1-26.
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Shaffer CL, et al., Metabolism and disposition of a γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor partial agonist in humans. Drug Metab Disp. 2008 Apr;36(4):655-62.
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Summerfield SG, et al., Central nervous system drug disposition: the relationship between in situ brain permeability and brain free fraction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2007 Jul; 322(1):205-13.
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Tanaka H, et al., Drug-protein binding and blood-brain barrier permeability. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Mar;288(3):912-8.
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Taub ME, et al., Functional assessment of multiple Pglycoprotein (P-gp) probe substrates: influence of cell line and modulator concentration on P-gp activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2005 Nov;33(11):1679-87. Epub 2005 Aug 10.
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Trauner M, et al., Bile salt transporters: molecular characterization, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2003 Apr;83(2):633-71.
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Uchaipichat V, et al., Selectivity of substrate (Trifluoperazine) and inhibitor (Amitriptyline, Androsterone, Canrenoic acid, Hecogenin, Phenylbutazone, Quinidine, Quinine, and Sulfinpyrazone) “probes” for human UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases. Drug Metab Disp. 2006 Sept; 34(3):449-56..
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Van Deusen J. et al., Use of a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model to study the time to reach brain equilibrium: an experimental analysis of the role of blood-brain barrier permeability, plasma protein binding, and brain tissue binding. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2005 Jun;313(3):1254-62.
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Varma MV, et al., Biopharmaceutic classification system: a scientific framework for pharmacokinetic optimization in drug research. Curr Drug Metab. 2004 Oct;5(5):375-88. Review..
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Venkatakrishnan K, et al., Human drug metabolism and the cytochromes P450: application and relevance of in vitro models. J Clin Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;41(11):1149-79.
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Wadell C, et al., Permeability of porcine nasal mucosa correlated with human nasal absorption. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2003 Jan;18(1):47-53.
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Wang Q, et al., Inter-species comparison of 7-hydroxycoumarin glucuronidation and sulfation in liver S9 fractions. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol. 2006 Jan/Feb; 42:8-12.
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Wang Q, et al., Glucuronidation and sulfation of 7-hydroxycoumarin in liver matrices from human, dog, monkey, rat, and mouse. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol-Animal. 2005 Mar/Apr; 41:97-103..
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Wang Q, et al., Evaluation of the MDR-MDCK cell line as a permeability screen for the blood-brain barrier. Int J Pharm. 2005 Jan 20;288(2):349-59.
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Williams JA, et al., Drug-drug interactions for UDP-glucuronosyltransferase substrates: A pharmacokinetic explanation for typically observed low exposure (AUCi/AUC) ratios. Drug Metab Disp. 2004 Aug; 32(11):1201-08.
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Xia Y, et al, Use of quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer in metabolite identification and bioanalysis. Rapid Comm Mass Spec. 2003 Mar; 17:1137-45.
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Yan, Zhengyin and Gary W. Caldwell, Optimization in Drug Discovery-In Vitro Methods. Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA.
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Yu S, et al., A novel liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry based depletion method for measuring red blood cell partitioning of pharmaceutical compounds in drug discovery. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2005;19: 250-4.
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Zhang, L, et al., Scientific Perspectives on Drug Transporters and Their Role in Drug Interactions. Mol Pharm, 2006 Jan; 3 (1): 62-9..
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Zhou R, et al., pH-dependent dissolution in vitro and absorption in vivo of weakly basic drugs: development of a canine model. Pharm Res. 2005 Feb;22(2):188-92.
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